Linux Bests

#1. Create and change directory in a single command

[sanjeev@localhost ~]$
[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ mkdir Code && cd $_
[sanjeev@localhost Code]$



#2 modify a user so that it could not login.


usermod -s /sbin/nologin <user name>


it will set the user's login directory to nologin and the user will not be able to login .



#3  Show the current firewall rules 


iptables -L


#Put a process in backgroup and than getting it in foreground


1- lets write a sample python prog test.py

import time
for i in range(20): time.sleep(i)

2 - Execute the program python test.py

python test.py

3- Crtl+z will put the program in background


4- now to get the program back in the foreground, type

fg


#How to know the exit status of the last command


echo $?



################################################################################

awk commands
################################################################################

Below is a file sample.txt


-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr 12250696 May 23  2015 Python-2.7.10.tar.xz

-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr    12059 Mar 10  2016 ez_setup.py
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Videos
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Music
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Documents
drwxr-xr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 18 sr sr     4096 Mar 11  2016 Python-2.7.10
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr   722669 Mar 11  2016 setuptools-20.2.2.zip
drwxrwxr-x.  3 sr sr     4096 Mar 11  2016 services
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr   733319 Mar 11  2016 ansible-tower-setup-latest.gz
drwxrwxr-x.  6 sr sr     4096 Mar 11  2016 ansible-tower-setup-2.4.3
drwxrwxr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Jul 19 19:45 progs
drwxrwxr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Jul 24 00:14 crTest
drwxrwxr-x.  5 sr sr     4096 Jul 24 06:07 project1
drwxrwxr-x.  3 sr sr     4096 Jul 27 05:59 todo-api
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr        0 Aug  2 07:13 a.txt
drwxrwxr-x.  3 sr sr     4096 Aug  9 06:01 a
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr       15 Aug  9 10:59 serSt.retry
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr        0 Aug  9 11:40 man
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr        6 Aug  9 11:41 hello
-rwxrwxr-x.  1 sr sr      135 Aug  9 12:12 check_email.sh
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr        0 Aug 24 06:39 some.txt
drwxrwxr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Sep  6 06:53 commandTest
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr      200 Sep  8 00:15 test.py
drwxrwxr-x.  7 sr sr     4096 Sep 10 13:42 AnsibleTest
drwxrwxr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Sep 14 16:27 ed
drwxrwxr-x.  2 sr sr     4096 Sep 14 16:27 cd
drwxrwxr-x.  4 sr sr     4096 Sep 14 16:29 testGit
-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr      602 Oct  4 00:53 llNexi.py
drwxrwxr-x.  3 sr sr     4096 Oct  5 16:47 repos
drwxrwxr-x.  4 sr sr     4096 Oct  6 01:43 Code

-rw-rw-r--.  1 sr sr        0 Oct 17 17:13 sample.txt



Below are two AWK output samples on the given text -


#1 - Below will print the column 1 of all the rows

awk '{print $1}' sample.txt

#2 - Print all the file those are created in the month of march

The below command will split the file on delimiter blank " " (-F " ") and print the name of the file if it has been created in the month of march, likely few other combinations are possible as required.


awk -F " " '{if ($6=="Mar") print $9}' sample.txt


[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ awk -F " " '{if ($6=="Mar") print $9}' sample.txt


ez_setup.py

Videos
Templates
Public
Pictures
Music
Downloads
Documents
Desktop
Python-2.7.10
setuptools-20.2.2.zip
services
ansible-tower-setup-latest.gz
ansible-tower-setup-2.4.3
[sanjeev@localhost ~]$


###############################################################
Sed - now lets look at few basic sed commands
###############################################################

sed -e 's/sr/currentLU/g' sample.txt

[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ sed -e 's/sr/currentLinuxUser/' sample.txt
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser sr 12250696 May 23  2015 Python-2.7.10.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser sr    12059 Mar 10  2016 ez_setup.py
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Videos
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Mar 10  2016 Pictures
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Sep 14 16:29 testGit
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser sr      602 Oct  4 00:53 llNexi.py
drwxrwxr-x.  3 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Oct  5 16:47 repos
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser sr     4096 Oct  6 01:43 Code
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser sr        0 Oct 17 17:13 sample.txt

[sanjeev@localhost ~]$


[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ sed -e 's/sr/currentLinuxUser/g' sample.txt
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser 12250696 May 23  2015 Python-2.7.10.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser    12059 Mar 10  2016 ez_setup.py
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Videos
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Pictures
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Sep 14 16:29 testGit
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser      602 Oct  4 00:53 llNexi.py
drwxrwxr-x.  3 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Oct  5 16:47 repos
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Oct  6 01:43 Code

-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser        0 Oct 17 17:13 sample.txt


The above command will show the changes on the screen itelf, but to make them permanent in the file 

use -i, like below, and it will will changes permanent to the input file itself


[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ sed -i 's/sr/currentLinuxUser/g' sample.txt
[sanjeev@localhost ~]$
[sanjeev@localhost ~]$ cat sample.txt
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser 12250696 May 23  2015 Python-2.7.10.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser    12059 Mar 10  2016 ez_setup.py
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Videos
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Mar 10  2016 Pictures
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Sep 14 16:29 testGit
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser      602 Oct  4 00:53 llNexi.py
drwxrwxr-x.  3 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Oct  5 16:47 repos
drwxrwxr-x.  4 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser     4096 Oct  6 01:43 Code
-rw-rw-r--.  1 currentLinuxUser currentLinuxUser        0 Oct 17 17:13 sample.txt

[sanjeev@localhost ~]$












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